Bio-sensory training, also known as the Bio Sensor Routine, is a series of five exercises that help puppies learn to cope with stress and develop their neurological systems: 

• Exercises - The exercises include thermal stimulation, holding the puppy in different positions, and gently stimulating the puppy's paws with a soft q-tip. 
• When to start - Start the routine when the puppy is three days old and perform it once a day until the puppy is 16 days old. 
  
  
• How long to perform - Each exercise should last between three and five seconds.
• Benefits - The routine can help puppies develop stronger hearts and adrenal glands, improve their cardiovascular performance, and make them more resistant to disease.
• Safety - The routine should be performed in a safe and secure environment, and the puppy should never be stressed. 

The Bio Sensor Routine was originally developed for military working dogs. Researchers have also applied the routine to puppies being trained to detect mines. 

Early Scent Introduction

(ESI) is a procedure that exposes puppies to different scents during their early development to help them build confidence and nose awareness. It's typically started when puppies are 3–17 days old. 

Here's how ESI works:

1. Introduce a scent
   Each day, introduce a new scent to the puppy. Scents can include natural odors like leaves and soil, or human-made scents like fabrics or tools.
2. Observe the puppy's reaction
   Record the puppy's reaction to the scent as positive, negative, or neutral: 
   • Positive: The puppy shows interest in the scent and moves their nose towards it. 
   • Negative: The puppy tries to move away from the scent. 
   • Neutral: The puppy doesn't seem interested or uninterested in the scent. 

ESI can help puppies develop their olfactory and neurological systems, which can lead to improved performance and earlier proficiency. It can also help puppies become more aware and alert, which can make them better companions, service dogs, or therapy dogs. 

ESI was developed by Dr. Gayle Watkins, a Golden Retriever breeder, scientist, and researcher. The military has also used ESI to train adult dogs since 1995.